During October 1962, the planet veered nearer toward destruction more so than ever during the contemporary era. This transpired when an American reconnaissance plane found that Soviet nuclear weapon sites were being built in the island of Cuba, less than 160 kilometers off the coast of the US mainland. Reacting to this, President John F Kennedy ordered the US Navy’s Sixth Fleet to impose a naval quarantine encircling Cuba. The next phase constituted nearly two weeks filled with extreme stress.
The danger remained clear. Should President Kennedy, or his Russian opposite, Nikita Khrushchev, were to fire on their enemy, a series involving worldwide atomic attacks and counterstrikes would have followed, casting mankind toward total destruction.
The Cuban missile crisis has been examined endlessly, through volumes, movies, as well as television programmes. However, for its third season, a prominent BBC World Service podcast The Bomb presents an unprecedented dimension to the story. It is co-presented featuring Max Kennedy and Khrushchev's descendant, relatives belonging to the leaders that, over 13 days, grasped the destiny of the planet in their hands.
"What was the Soviet side planning? What were Washington planning?" ponders Nina Khrushcheva, Khrushchev’s descendant who is also an academic specializing in global relations.
In her view, the beauty of the podcast lies in its attempt to objectively ask: "How can nations hate one another to the point they confront each other?"
"It struck me how spectacular the fact that people have the potential to be allies or else have the potential to be complete enemies," remarks Kennedy, the son of RFK, related to JFK and currently a writer and lawyer. "We see this over and over when countries have gone to war, demonstrating the sheer folly it is to engage in warfare."
What’s striking regarding the Cuban missile crisis is that, because it unfolded so publicly, individuals globally were able to observe almost as it happened as it crept towards disaster. However, the threat of destruction was more imminent than anybody understood at the time.
"The overwhelming majority among Kennedy's advisors wanted a military strike and a ground invasion," explains Kennedy. "Had the U.S. attacked Cuba using the Sixth Fleet, undoubtedly the Russians stationed there would've deployed a nuclear warhead at the American ships, and that would have destroyed our aircraft carriers and destroyed America's primary fleet. In turn, the U.S. would have retaliated through massive retaliation that would have eradicated most life on the planet."
The reality this did not occur stands as credit to Kennedy and Khrushchev, they succeeded in keep their heads while calmly negotiate at a time when hawkish elements in their governments demanded military action. As a result, The Soviet premier agreed to withdraw the missiles in Cuba while Kennedy (a fact not publicly disclosed then) withdrew American missiles based in Turkey. The sense of relief was worldwide, matched by the sense of hope.
Yet, during those 13 days in October, the anxiety was felt by everyone. The podcast's presenters were born shortly after the crisis, and Khrushcheva being taught about the crisis through the Soviet education system, which presented an alternative picture of events.
"You said your parent remembers it, describing it as a frightening day," she says. "But in the Soviet Union, the public were largely unaware that much about it, since it was a tense situation, and under the Soviet system the official line was that everything was always wonderful or positive."
Within Khrushchev’s family, though, it was distinct. "I was informed what a great occasion for the USSR, as it represented eyeball to eyeball. They were able to resolve it, and didn’t start the war, seen as a positive outcome," she continues. In the years to come, however, that view would not be shared by all Russians. "For a long time in Russian politics, it was considered a setback for the Soviet leader, simply he refrained from destroying the United States."
This podcast is remarkably balanced , well produced so much so that Nina jokes it almost made her forget she already knew the ending. This is, in part, thanks to contributions from renowned scholars. But, really, the most groundbreaking aspect remains the participation of the hosts themselves. Even within living memory, it would be inconceivable for descendants of the leaders of America and Soviet Union to appear together publicly. That Max Kennedy and Nina Khrushcheva are able to do so, and be so warm toward one another, must be seen as a symbol of progress.
"Max and I are not the first," notes Nina. "After 1991, a relative moved to America and became great friends with Dwight Eisenhower’s children."
"However we were strangers before the podcast," clarifies Max. "That is a shame because we connected really well and now we are friends, which is really great. Ultimately, after nearly six decades of nearly annihilating the planet, our lineages are now friends, suggesting global relations is safer, somewhat."
Is that truly the case? One reason why this series seems so urgent is that we now are living in dark times. The Doomsday Clock stands nearer to midnight in its history, partly since world leaders appear not to have the capacity to comprehend
Elara is a productivity coach and writer passionate about helping others optimize their workflows through smart note-taking techniques.
Cynthia Jones
Cynthia Jones
Cynthia Jones
Cynthia Jones
Cynthia Jones